#THE LEAGUE OF THREE EMPERORS FULL#
(1878) Bismarck’s idea Independent Serbia, Rumania, Montenegro Confirmed Russian acquisition of Turkish lands in Caucasus Size of Bulgaria reduced Russia had control over "autonomous" northern Bulgaria Turks would retain full autonomy over Macedonia Austria received right to occupy and administer Turkish provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (but not to annex) British got Cyprus Intended to recognize Russian domination eastern Balkans and Austria's in the west, but far more beneficial to Austria Led to collapse of Three Emperors' Leagueĭual Alliance-secret alliance between Austria and Germany for mutual aid in case either was attacked by Russia 1881-TEL was reestablished, but remained fragile because of tension between Austria and Russia Triple Alliance 1881-France established protectorate over Tunisia Italians angry 1882-Italy joined Germany and Austria in secret defensive alliance, the Triple Alliance Reinsurance Treaty of 1887 Germany-Russia Benevolent neutrality in case either partner involved in war Not applicable if Germany attacked France or Russia attacked Austria 1890-Not renewed by William II, who had dismissed Bismarck Led to secret military alliance between Russia and France in 1894 (diplomatic revolution) Directed primarily against GBĦ Anglo-French Entente France believed Germany posed a greater threat than GB French withdrawal from Sudan during Fashoda Crisis marked beginning of better relations England had already ended "splendid isolation" in 1902 with Anglo-Japanese alliance (directed primarily against Russian expansion) Entente Cordial 1904 Dealt with colonial issues French recognized British dominance in Egypt British agreed to support French claims in Morocco Began to consult on international issues of mutual interestġ902 Italy promised to support French efforts to establish a protectorate over Morocco French supported Italian ambitions elsewhere in North Africa Austria became Germany's only reliable allyĨ First Moroccan Crisis Algeciras Conference (1906)ġ905-William II (Ger.) declared that Germany had interests in Morocco and spoke of Moroccan independence Algeciras Conference (1906) Germans isolated except for Austria GB, Russia, and Italy supported France Unfavorable impression for Germany Brought Fr., GB, and Rus. threatened war with RussiaĤ The Treaty of Berlin Congress of Berlin replaced T. 1872 Dreikaiserbund Germany, Russia, Austria-pledged to cooperate to maintain peace and the status quo Part of Bismarck's effort to keep France isolatedģ Russo-Turkish War (1877-78) 1878-Treaty of San Stefanoġ876-revolt against Ottoman rule broke out in Bulgaria Turks slaughtered thousands Serbia and Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire Russians went to war in 1877 b/c they were "protectors of the Slavs" 1878-Treaty of San Stefano Forced on Turks by Russians Independent Serbia, Montenegro, Rumania Autonomy to Bulgaria (access to Aegean Sea), but it would be under Russian domination Turkish lands in the Caucasus to Russia Increase of Russian power threatened Austria British feared advance of Russian power in eastern Mediterranean (where they had naval and commercial interests) Br.
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